There are several types of systems such as mini-grid system, DC-AC system, 24V DC system, 12V DC system, etc.
This handbook targets stand-alone 12V DC system to be installed in individual houses.
Electricity generated during daytime is stored in a battery so that electricity can be used at night.
Main features of stand-alone systems are,
* Each house ha a complete system.
* System supplies 12V DC electricity.
* Silent, no odor and no fuel is necessary.
* System capacity is limited so that only small appliances such as fluorescent light, radio, cassette and small black & white TV can be used.
* Appliances that require ore power such as a cooker, an iron and a refrigerator are not within the scope of this handbook.
One SHS consists of the following components:
* PV (Photovoltaics) module - Converts solar energy to electricity.
* Battery - Stores electricity so that electricity can be available at nighttime.
* Charge controller (Regulator) - Controls charge and discharge operations to protect a battery.
* Lighting - High efficiency compact fluorescent lights (CFL) are used for maximum brightness and low power consumption
* Wall sockets and switches - 12V DC sockets for black & white TV, radio and cassette player.
* Voltage dropper - Some radio and cassette player requires 9V or 6V. A voltage dropper converts 12V DC to 9V DC or 6V DC.
This is a sort of an adapter for an appliance and not a part of SHS itself.
* Circuit breaker - Protects the system from short circuit.
* Battery box -Protects battery from insects and dust. Restricts access to children.
* Plastic Tray -Protects box and floor against corrosion from spilled acid.
* Mount and pole -Holds PV module high above the ground. Fixes PV module to face the sun to obtain maximum solar energy.
* What is a Solar Home System?
* Features of SHS
* Simplicity of SHS
* Vulnerability of SHS